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Hello,
This patchset implements stats estimation in kthread context.
It replaces the code that runs on single CPU in timer context every
2 seconds and causing latency splats as shown in reports [1], [2], [3].
The solution targets setups with thousands of IPVS services, destinations
and multi-CPU boxes.
Spread the estimation on multiple (configured) CPUs and
multiple time slots (timer ticks) by using multiple chains
organized under RCU rules. When stats are not needed, it is recommended
to use run_estimation=0 as already implemented before this change.
Overview of the basic concepts. More in the commit messages...
RCU Locking:
- As stats are now RCU-locked, tot_stats, svc and dest which
hold estimator structures are now always freed from RCU
callback. This ensures RCU grace period after the
ip_vs_stop_estimator() call.
Kthread data:
- every kthread works over its own data structure and all
such structures are attached to array. For now we limit
kthreads depending on the number of CPUs.
- even while there can be a kthread structure, its task
may not be running, eg. before first service is added or
while the sysctl var is set to an empty cpulist or
when run_estimation is set to 0 to disable the estimation.
- the allocated kthread context may grow from 1 to 50
allocated structures for timer ticks which saves memory for
setups with small number of estimators
- a task and its structure may be released if all
estimators are unlinked from its chains, leaving the
slot in the array empty
- every kthread data structure allows limited number
of estimators. Kthread 0 is also used to initially
calculate the max number of estimators to allow in every
chain considering a sub-100 microsecond cond_resched
rate. This number can be from 1 to hundreds.
- kthread 0 has an additional job of optimizing the
adding of estimators: they are first added in
temp list (est_temp_list) and later kthread 0
distributes them to other kthreads. The optimization
is based on the fact that newly added estimator
should be estimated after 2 seconds, so we have the
time to offload the adding to chain from controlling
process to kthread 0.
- to add new estimators we use the last added kthread
context (est_add_ktid). The new estimators are linked to
the chains just before the estimated one, based on add_row.
This ensures their estimation will start after 2 seconds.
If estimators are added in bursts, common case if all
services and dests are initially configured, we may
spread the estimators to more chains and as result,
reducing the initial delay below 2 seconds.
Many thanks to Jiri Wiesner for his valuable comments
and for spending a lot of time reviewing and testing
the changes on different platforms with 48-256 CPUs and
1-8 NUMA nodes under different cpufreq governors.
Changes in v7:
Patch 5:
* use the IPVS_EST_CPU_KTHREADS value from patch 4 to limit kthreads
Patch 4:
* add IPVS_EST_LOAD_DIVISOR=8 to specify the max CPU load per kthread
* add IPVS_EST_CPU_KTHREADS to limit load from kthreads per CPU
* add build checks for the values of ktrow and ktcid
Changes in v6:
Patch 4 (was 3 in v5):
* while ests are in est_temp_list use est->ktrow as delay (offset
from est_row) to apply on enqueue, initially or later when estimators
are relinked. By this way we try to preserve the current timer delay
on relinking. If there is no space in the desired time slot, the
initial delay can be reduced, while on relinking the delay can be
increased. Still, this is far from perfect and the relinking
continues to apply wrong delay for some of the ests while its goal
is still to fill kthreads data one by one.
* ip_vs_est_calc_limits() now relinks the entries trying to preserve
the delay, ests with lowest delay will get higher chance to
preserve it
* add_row is now not updated (it is wrong on relinking) but will continue
to be used as starting position for the bit searching, so logic is
preserved
* while relinking try to keep tot_stats in kt0, we do not want to keep
some kthread 1..N just for it
* ip_vs_est_calc_limits() now performs 12 tests but sleeps for 20ms
on every 4 tests to make sure CPU speed is increased
Patch 3:
* new patch that converts per-cpu counters to u64_stats_t
Changes in v5:
Patch 4 (was 3 in v4):
* use ip_vs_est_max_threads() helper
Patch 3 (was 2 in v4):
* kthread 0 now disables BH instead of using SCHED_FIFO mode,
this should work because now we perform less number of repeated
test over pre-allocated kd->calc_stats structure. Use
cache_factor = 4 to approximate the time non-cached (due to large
number) per-cpu stats are estimated compared to the cached data
we estimate in calc phase. This needs to be tested with
different number of CPUs and NUMA nodes.
* limit max threads using the formula 4 * Number of CPUs, not on rlimit
* remove _len suffix from vars like chain_max_len, tick_max_len,
est_chain_max_len
Patch 2:
* new patch that adds functions for stats allocations
Changes in v4:
Patch 2:
* kthread 0 can start with calculation phase in SCHED_FIFO mode
to determine chain_max_len suitable for 100us cond_resched
rate and 12% of 40ms CPU usage in a tick. Current value of
IPVS_EST_TICK_CHAINS=48 determines tick time of 4.8ms (i.e.
in units of 100us) which is 12% of max tick time of 40ms.
The question is how reliable will be such calculation test.
* est_calc_phase indicates a mode where we dequeue estimators
from kthreads, apply new chain_max_len and enqueue again
all estimators to kthreads, done by kthread 0
* est->ktid now can be -1 to indicate est is in est_temp_list
ready to be distributed to kthread by kt 0, done in
ip_vs_est_drain_temp_list(). kthread 0 data is now released
only after the data for others kthreads
* ip_vs_start_estimator was not setting ret = 0
* READ_ONCE not needed for volatile jiffies
Patch 3:
* restrict cpulist based on the cpus_allowed of
process that assigns cpulist, not on cpu_possible_mask
* change of cpulist will trigger calc phase
Patch 5:
* print message every minute, not 2 seconds
Changes in v3:
Patch 2:
* calculate chain_max_len (was IPVS_EST_CHAIN_DEPTH) but
it needs further tuning based on real estimation test
* est_max_threads set from rlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC). I don't
see analog to get_ucounts_value() to get the max value.
* the atomic bitop for td->present is not needed,
remove it
* start filling based on est_row after 2 ticks are
fully allocated. As 2/50 is 4% this can be increased
more.
Changes in v2:
Patch 2:
* kd->mutex is gone, cond_resched rate determined by
IPVS_EST_CHAIN_DEPTH
* IPVS_EST_MAX_COUNT is a hard limit now
* kthread data is now 1-50 allocated tick structures,
each containing heads for limited chains. Bitmaps
should allow faster access. We avoid large
allocations for structs.
* as the td->present bitmap is shared, use atomic bitops
* ip_vs_start_estimator now returns error code
* _bh locking removed from stats->lock
* bump arg is gone from ip_vs_est_reload_start
* prepare for upcoming changes that remove _irq
from u64_stats_fetch_begin_irq/u64_stats_fetch_retry_irq
* est_add_ktid is now always valid
Patch 3:
* use .. in est_nice docs
[1] Report from Yunhong Jiang:
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/D25792C1-1B89-45DE-9F10-EC350DC04ADC@xxxxxxxxx/
[2]
https://marc.info/?l=linux-virtual-server&m=159679809118027&w=2
[3] Report from Dust:
https://archive.linuxvirtualserver.org/html/lvs-devel/2020-12/msg00000.html
Julian Anastasov (6):
ipvs: add rcu protection to stats
ipvs: use common functions for stats allocation
ipvs: use u64_stats_t for the per-cpu counters
ipvs: use kthreads for stats estimation
ipvs: add est_cpulist and est_nice sysctl vars
ipvs: run_estimation should control the kthread tasks
Documentation/networking/ipvs-sysctl.rst | 24 +-
include/net/ip_vs.h | 171 ++++-
net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_core.c | 40 +-
net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_ctl.c | 448 +++++++++---
net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_est.c | 882 +++++++++++++++++++++--
5 files changed, 1380 insertions(+), 185 deletions(-)
--
2.38.1
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